BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080)

Konsep Fatwa Istihalah Menurut Empat Mazhab dan Aplikasinya Terhadap Produk Moden [Concept of Fatwa Istihalah according to The Four Mazhab and Its Application to Modern Products]

2025-07-07T12:40:00+00:00

Perkembangan dunia moden kini membawa kepada penghasilan produk-produk moden yang baharu yang sering berkait dengan hukum halal dan haram terhadap umat Islam. Permasalahan ini muncul apabila konsep istihalah ini tidak diketahui umum oleh masyarakat Islam berserta konsep fatwa itu dilakukan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kefahaman terhadap konsep istihalah tersebut bagi menyelesaikan permasalahan yang timbul dengan menjelaskan perbezaan konsep fatwa istihalah antara empat mazhab utama iaitu Hanafi, Syafi’i, Maliki dan Hanbali serta contoh aplikasi terhadap produk moden. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan adalah berbentuk kualitatif iaitu dengan cara analisis sumber dokumen-dokumen seperti buku agama, jurnal, artikel dan sumber lain yang relevan berkait dengan tajuk penelitian. Kajian menyimpulkan bahawa walaupun istihalah menawarkan penyelesaian syariah untuk produk moden, pelaksanaannya memerlukan kerjasama antara ahli fiqh, saintis, dan badan pengawal selia untuk memastikan pematuhan syariah yang ketat. Penyelidikan ini mencadangkan penyeragaman standard istihalah berdasarkan bukti saintifik dan fatwa muktabar bagi mengukuhkan industri halal global.

The development of the modern world now leads to the production of new modern products that are often related to halal and haram laws by Muslims. This problem arises when the concept of istihalah is not generally known by the Muslim community along with the concept of fatwa being issued. This article aims to provide an understanding of the concept of istihalah to solve the problems that arise by explaining the differences in the concept of istihalah fatwa between the four main schools of thought, namely Hanafi, Syafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali, as well as examples of applications to modern products. The research methodology used is qualitative, namely by analyzing the source of documents such as religious books, journals, articles and other relevant sources related to the research topic. The study concludes that although istihalah offers a sharia solution for modern products, its implementation requires cooperation between jurisprudents, scientists and regulatory bodies to ensure strict compliance with sharia. This research suggests standardizing istihalah standards based on scientific evidence and authoritative fatwas to strengthen the global halal industry.

The Cultural Significance and Contemporary Adaptations of Chinese New Year Deity Processions (You Shen) among Malaysian Chinese Communities

2025-07-14T09:47:01+00:00

The ritual of deity processions, known as You Shen (??) during the Chinese New Year, is a vital tradition within the Malaysian Chinese community. These festive parades, rooted in Chinese folk beliefs and clan-based worship, have evolved into complex communal events involving music, dance, religious rites, and social interaction. This study aims to explore the cultural meanings and contemporary transformations of Chinese New Year deity processions in Malaysia. Combining literature review, field observations, and qualitative interviews with temple managers, community elders, and youth participants, the research reveals that You Shen serves multiple functions: strengthening communal bonds, reinforcing ethnic identity, and transmitting cultural values across generations. However, challenges such as urbanization, the decline in youth participation, and increasing regulation of public events threaten its continuity. The findings provide insight into how traditional intangible cultural practices adapt within a multicultural society and highlight strategies to sustain and innovate cultural heritage in the modern era.

Negara Madani: Kajian Semula daripada Aspek Rekabentuk dan Kandungan Menurut Perspektif Islam [Madani Nation: A Review from The Perspective of Design and Content According to The Islamic Perspective]

2025-06-24T08:39:52+00:00

Prinsip-prinsip Islam seperti keadilan, kesederhanaan, kasih sayang, dan tanggungjawab sosial adalah asas kepada konsep Negara Madani. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis reka bentuk dan kandungan konsep Negara Madani dari perspektif Islam serta menilai pelaksanaannya dalam konteks Malaysia. Isu utama yang dikenal pasti adalah cabaran dalam mengintegrasikan nilai Islam ke dalam dasar sedia ada, serta jurang pelaksanaan antara dasar dan realiti masyarakat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan dokumen, termasuk sumber primer dan sekunder seperti al-Qur’an, hadis, serta kajian terdahulu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa elemen-elemen penting seperti prinsip keadilan (al-‘adl), musyawarah (al-shura), kebebasan (al-hurriyah), serta nilai-nilai etika seperti amanah, rahmah, dan wasatiyyah adalah teras pembentukan Negara Madani. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa program Malaysia Madani yang diperkenalkan kerajaan memerlukan pendekatan yang lebih menyeluruh dan inklusif untuk menjamin keberkesanannya. Oleh itu, kajian mencadangkan agar dasar-dasar berkaitan masyarakat madani dirangka secara lebih sistematik dengan melibatkan input pelbagai lapisan masyarakat. Kajian ini diharap dapat memberi sumbangan kepada pembangunan dasar awam yang lebih lestari serta meningkatkan kesedaran dan pelaksanaan konsep Negara Madani dalam kalangan rakyat.

Islamic principles such as justice, moderation, compassion, and social responsibility form the foundation of the Madani Nation concept. This study aims to analyze the design and content of the Madani Nation framework from an Islamic perspective and to assess its implementation within the Malaysian context. The key issues identified include challenges in integrating Islamic values into existing policies, as well as the implementation gap between policy formulation and societal realities. This study employs a qualitative approach through content analysis of documents, including primary and secondary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and previous scholarly works. The findings reveal that essential elements such as the principles of justice (al-‘adl), consultation (al-shura), freedom (al-hurriyah), and ethical values such as trust (amanah), compassion (rahmah), and moderation (wasatiyyah) are central to the formation of a Madani Nation. The study also finds that the Malaysia Madani program introduced by the government requires a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to ensure its effectiveness. Therefore, the study suggests that policies related to civil society should be designed more systematically, incorporating input from various segments of society. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more sustainable public policies and enhance awareness and implementation of the Madani Nation concept among the Malaysian populace.

A Study on the Creation and Performance Ecology of Chinese Drama in Malaysia from 2000 to 2020: Current Situation, Dilemma and Prospects

2025-07-31T08:58:27+00:00

This study focuses on the creative ecology and performance forms of Chinese drama in Malaysia during the 20 years from 2000 to 2020. By systematically examining the development trajectory of Chinese drama in Malaysia during this period, this study deeply analyzes its cultural positioning and artistic characteristics in the context of globalization. The study shows that Chinese drama in Malaysia during this period, driven by both inheritance and innovation, presents unique localization characteristics. On the one hand, it maintains a deep connection with Chinese opera art, and on the other hand, it develops an integrated form of expression in the collision of multiple cultures. This paper uses field surveys, literature analysis, comparative studies and other methods to focus on the current dilemmas faced by Chinese drama in Malaysia in terms of creative themes, performance forms, and talent training, and puts forward constructive thoughts on its future development prospects. The study found that Chinese drama in Malaysia is undergoing a transition period between tradition and modernity. Its development faces challenges such as inheritance gaps and audience loss, but also ushers in opportunities for cross-cultural exchanges and innovative development.

Impact of Public Opinion Noise on Xi'an City Image in the New Media Era: Taking Xi'an Release as an Example

2025-07-31T09:02:48+00:00

The rapid development of the Internet and communication technology has accelerated the pace of change in media technology, especially the rise of the Internet and new media, and the use of media has become increasingly popular, penetrating more deeply into all aspects of social life. Social development and media application are inextricably linked, and the media have changed the way and content of people's social activities to a certain extent. The researcher hopes to deeply understand the influence of public opinion noise on Xi'an's city image in the new media era and takes the official microblog account "Xi'an Release" as a case study to analyse the information release strategy and its role in the construction of the city's image in the new media environment. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study analyses the information dissemination behaviours of "Xi'an Releases" in different public events and the online public opinion reactions they triggered and further explores how this public opinion noises affect the public perception of Xi'an's city image. Specifically, the study applies content analysis, sentiment analysis, case study, and regression modeling to examine both the media outputs and the public response patterns. The study finds that the public opinion noise on the new media platform not only spreads quickly but also amplify the impact of negative information. Public opinion noise increases Xi'an's exposure to a certain extent but also brings about diversified interpretations of the city's image and potentially creates short-term and even long-term negative effects on the city's image. However, through effective public opinion guidance and information management, government official media can mitigate these negative effects to a certain extent. The researcher provides a new perspective for understanding the complexity of urban image management in the new media era and offers strategic suggestions for how governments and city managers can effectively use new media tools for urban image building.

Tujuan pelantikan Mushir di Terengganu semasa pemerintahan Sultan Zainal Abidin III [The purpose of the appointment of Mushir in Terengganu during the reign of Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1757–1774)]

2025-08-26T00:06:08+00:00

Penempatan ejen British di Terengganu selepas Perjanjian Bangkok 1909 merupakan permulaan cengkaman kekuasaan British ke atas negeri tersebut. Keberadaan mereka dalam pentadbiran Terengganu membolehkan British mempunyai wakil mereka memerhati dan memantau perjalanan pemerintahan negeri tersebut. Sehingga 1916, ejen-ejen Britsh sentiasa mendesak Sultan Zainal Abidin III dan para pembesar Terengganu melakukan pembaharuan dalam pemerintahan Terengganu. Sultan semakin menyedari ancaman British dan mencari jalan untuk mengelakkan mereka daripada menerima penjajahan British seperti yang berlaku di negeri-negeri Melayu yang lain. Justeru, baginda cuba mencari jalan supaya Kerajaan Terengganu tidak perlu tunduk kepada kehendak British dengan ‘meminjam’ seorang pegawai British yang berkhidmat dengan Kerajaan Terengganu. Pegawai British itu dikenali sebagai Mushir dalam pemerintahan negeri Terengganu. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tujuan Sultan Zainal Abidin III memohon pelantikan Mushir dan kedudukan serta peranan Mushir dalam pemerintahan Terengganu. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan kajian sejarah, manakala kaedah pengumpulan data pula menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati Sultan Zainal Abidin III berhasrat untuk meminjam seorang pegawai British supaya berkhidmat dengan Kerajaan Terengganu seperti yang pernah dilakukan oleh Kerajan Johor bagi mengelakkan tekanan British yang semakin mengancam kemerdekaan Terengganu. Baginda berjaya meminjam seorang pegawai British, iaitu C.N. Maxwell yang kemudiannya dikenali sebagai Mushir dan berjaya mengelakkan campur tangan British dalam pemerintahan Terengganu sekurang-kurangnya sehingga kewafatan baginda pada tahun 1918. Disebabkan halangan yang terdapat dalam Undang-undang Tubuh bagi Diri Kerajaan Terengganu, pelantikan Maxwell sebagai President of the State Council tidak dapat dilakukan, sebaliknya pegawai British tersebut dilantik sebagai Mushir kepada Kerajaan Terengganu. Beliau berperanan sebagai penasihat kepada Sultan Zainal Abidin III untuk mengadakan pembaharuan dalam pemerintahan Terengganu. Namun, dengan kedudukannya sebagai Mushir atau penasihat, Sultan Zainal Abididn III tidak terikat untuk mematuhi ‘nasihatnya’ dalam pentadbiran Terengganu. Justeru, apabila pihak British mendapati ‘peminjaman’ Maxwell tidak memberikan hasil yang diharapkan oleh mereka, lantas perkhidmatan pegawai British tersebut telah ditamatkan.

The placement of British agents in Terengganu following the Bangkok Treaty of 1909 marked the beginning of British domination over the state. Their presence within Terengganu’s administration enabled the British to install representatives who could observe and monitor the affairs of state governance. Up until 1916, British agents persistently pressured Sultan Zainal Abidin III and the ruling elites of Terengganu to implement administrative reforms. The Sultan increasingly recognised the threat posed by British encroachment and sought ways to prevent Terengganu from succumbing to colonial rule, as had occurred in other Malay states. In response, Sultan Zainal Abidin III devised a strategy to preserve the sovereignty of Terengganu by ‘borrowing’ a British officer to serve under the Terengganu government. This officer was designated as a Mushir (advisor) within the state’s administrative framework. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the rationale behind the Sultan’s request for the appointment of a Mushir, as well as the position and role of the Mushir within the governance of Terengganu. This qualitative study adopts a historical approach, employing content analysis as the primary method of data collection. The findings reveal that Sultan Zainal Abidin III intended to replicate a precedent set by the Johor government, namely, the appointment of a British officer to serve locally, as a means of alleviating British pressure and protecting Terengganu’s independence. He succeeded in securing the services of C.N. Maxwell, a British officer who was subsequently known as the Mushir, effectively preventing direct British interference in the administration of Terengganu, at least until the Sultan’s death in 1918. Due to constitutional constraints stipulated in the Undang-undang Tubuh bagi Diri Kerajaan Terengganu (Terengganu State Constitution), Maxwell could not be appointed as ‘President of the State Council’. Instead, he was officially appointed as Mushir to the Terengganu government. In this capacity, he served as an advisor to Sultan Zainal Abidin III in matters of administrative reform. However, the advisory nature of his role meant that the Sultan was not bound to accept his recommendations. As such, when the British authorities realised that Maxwell’s secondment had failed to produce the intended outcomes, his service was subsequently terminated.

Pemerihalan naratif riwayat hidup Mustafa III (1775-1774) [An analytical narrative of the life history of Mustafa III (1757–1774)]

2025-08-26T00:13:46+00:00

Kajian ini membincangkan naratif sejarah kehidupan dan pemerintahan Mustafa III (1757-1774), pemerintah ke-26 Kerajaan Uthmaniyyah, yang menonjol dalam era peralihan antara kestabilan dan ancaman geopolitik dari kuasa asing serta pemberontakan dalaman. Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada permasalahan kelemahan struktur pentadbiran dan cabaran luar seperti Perang Uthmaniyyah-Rusia (1768-1774) serta pemberontakan Ali Bey di Mesir yang mencerminkan ketegangan dalam sistem kekuasaan wilayah Arab Uthmaniyyah. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aspek kehidupan peribadi Mustafa III, dasar pentadbiran, projek pembangunan dan pembaharuan ekonomi, serta cabaran pemerintahannya yang menyumbang kepada perubahan landskap politik Uthmaniyyah pada abad ke-18M. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data dengan menumpukan kepada sumber-sumber sekunder yang diambil daripada karya ilmiah sejarah Uthmaniyyah yang meyakinkan. Bagi analisis data pula, pendekatan deskriptif digunakan melalui kaedah kritikan dalaman dan kritikan luaran. Dapatan kajian ini menghujahkan bahawa Mustafa III ialah tokoh pemerintah yang berwawasan, memperkenalkan pembaharuan pentadbiran dan ekonomi Uthmaniyyah serta memberi sumbangan besar dari aspek pembangunan seni bina Uthmaniyyah abad ke-18M. Namun, isu kelemahan sistem birokrasi ketenteraan dan tekanan luar telah menyekat pelaksanaan reformasi tadbir urus berkesan yang menyeluruh. Penulisan ini turut menekankan peranan Koca Rag?p Pasha sebagai pendukung utama dalam pentadbiran yang berpengaruah pada awal pemerintahan Uthmaniyyah era Mustafa III. Kajian ini mencadangkan supaya penyelidikan lanjutan dilakukan terhadap kesinambungan gagasan pembaharuan Mustafa III dalam era pemerintahan Selim III, serta perbandingan antara pendekatan Mustafa III dengan sultan-sultan terdahulu dan selepasnya dalam menangani pelbagai cabaran tadbir urus institusi Uthmaniyyah menjelang abad ke-19M.

This study examines the historical narrative of the life and reign of Mustafa III (1757-1774), the 26^th ruler of the Ottomans, who stood out during a transitional era marked by the tension between internal stability and growing geopolitical threats from foreign powers as well as domestic uprisings. The study is grounded in the critical issue of structural weaknesses in the administrative system and external challenges, such as the Ottoman-Russian War (1768-1774) and the rebellion of Ali Bey in Egypt, both of which underscore the strains within the Ottoman Arab provincial order. The primary objective of this research is to analyse Mustafa III’s personal life, administrative policies, developmental projects, economic reforms, and the challenges of his reign, all of which contributed to the transformation of the Ottoman political landscape in the 18th century. This paper employs the documentary method for data collection, drawing upon reliable secondary sources from established works in Ottoman historiography. For data analysis, a descriptive approach is applied, incorporating both internal and external source criticism. The findings of this study argue that Mustafa III was a visionary ruler who introduced significant administrative and economic reforms and contributed substantially to the architectural development of the 18th-century Ottoman Kingdom. However, the inefficiencies of the military-bureaucratic system and mounting external pressures hindered the effective and comprehensive implementation of governance reforms. This study also highlights the pivotal role of Koca Rag?p Pasha as a key figure in the early administration of Mustafa III’s reign. The study recommends further research into the continuity of Mustafa III’s reformist vision during the reign of Selim III, including a comparative analysis of Mustafa III’s governance strategies with those of preceding and succeeding sultans in addressing the institutional challenges faced by the Ottoman state on the eve of the 19th century.

The Manuscript of Hukum Kanun Pahang: Insights on Trade Laws and Economic Regulations in 17th-Century Malaya

2025-08-26T02:21:06+00:00

The Hukum Kanun Pahang is a 17th-century legal manuscript from the Malay world that combines Islamic legal principles with Malay customary law. As a written legal text, it offers more than just jurisprudential content—it reflects the political authority of the sultanate and the effort to preserve legal knowledge through textual transmission. While often described by the colonials broadly as a digest of laws, its specific provisions suggest a more intricate role in regulating daily life, particularly in the economic sphere. This study focuses on the sections of the manuscript that detail commercial practices, taxation mechanisms, and regulations surrounding port activities. By examining these aspects, the research highlights how structured economic thought was embedded within the legal language of the time. Employing textual analysis alongside comparative historical sources, the study draws attention to how references to commodity categories, metrological units, and differentiated customs duties mirror a functioning economic logic tailored to the realities of regional trade. The findings suggest that while Pahang may not have functioned as a major entrepôt, it likely served as a supportive collecting centre within Melaka’s broader trade network. More significantly, this research argues that Malay legal manuscripts like the Hukum Kanun Pahang hold valuable and underexplored data on economic governance. Rather than dismissing them as outdated or merely ceremonial, these texts should be mined for their rich details—offering historians a clearer view of early Malay approaches to trade regulation, taxation, and commercial administration.

Telefilem sebagai Medium Dakwah Kontemporari: Analisis Naratif dan Reaksi Netizen Terhadap Ajaran Sesat dalam Telefilem Ayat dari Langit

2025-08-27T03:31:19+00:00

Telefilem berperanan sebagai medium dakwah kontemporari yang mampu mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap isu-isu keagamaan. Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana naratif dalam telefilem Ayat dari Langit digunakan bagi menyampaikan mesej dakwah serta kesedaran tentang bahaya ajaran sesat kepada khalayak umum. Selain itu, kajian ini menganalisis respons dan interpretasi netizen terhadap telefilem tersebut melalui reaksi di media sosial khususnya di platform Facebook. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan menggabungkan analisis kandungan naratif, bahan sekunder seperti artikel, buku dan jurnal serta pemerhatian terhadap komen-komen netizen yang berkaitan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa telefilem ini bukan sahaja berfungsi sebagai hiburan tetapi turut memberi impak dakwah yang signifikan dengan membentuk wacana awam tentang isu akidah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat juga kritikan terhadap pendekatan penggambaran yang dianggap kurang sensitif dalam membincangkan isu kontroversi. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa penghasilan karya media perlu lebih strategik dan beretika agar fungsi dakwah melalui media visual dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkesan dalam menangani fenomena ajaran sesat.

Telefilms serve as a contemporary medium of da'wah capable of influencing public perceptions on religious issues. This study explores how the narrative in the telefilm Ayat dari Langit is employed to convey messages of da'wah and raise awareness about the dangers of deviant teachings among the general audience. Additionally, the study analyses netizens’ responses and interpretations of the telefilm through reactions observed on social media, particularly on the Facebook platform. A qualitative approach is adopted by combining narrative content analysis, secondary sources such as articles, books, and journals, along with observations of relevant netizen comments. The findings reveal that this telefilm not only functions as a form of entertainment but also has a significant da'wah impact by shaping public discourse on matters of faith. Nevertheless, there are criticisms regarding the portrayal approach, which is perceived by some as lacking sensitivity in addressing controversial issues. The study concludes that the production of media content should be more strategic and ethical to ensure that the da'wah function of visual media is effectively utilised in addressing the phenomenon of deviant teachings.

Hubungan Muslim-Kristian di Sandakan dan Ranau, Sabah [Muslim-Christian Relations in Sandakan and Ranau, Sabah]

2025-08-27T07:48:04+00:00

Artikel ini membincangkan mengenai hubungan Muslim-Kristian di Sandakan dan Ranau Sabah berdasarkan kepada kefahaman agama, interaksi sosial dan kesepaduan sosial. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum hubungan masyarakat Muslim-Kristian yang melibatkan kawasan bandar (Sandakan) serta kawasan luar bandar (Ranau). Kajian ini menggunakan instrumen soal selidik yang melibatkan 500 orang responden yang terdiri daripada masyarakat Muslim-Kristian di Sandakan dan Ranau, Sabah. Data kajian ini dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPPS melalui pendekatan deskriptif dan Korelasi Spearman Who. Antara tema interaksi sosial yang difokuskan ialah tema pemakanan, aktiviti kemasyarakatan, sambutan perayaan, ziarah menziarahi dan perkahwinan. Manakala kesepaduan sosial pula mengandungi lima elemen utama iaitu perasaan kekitaan, penyertaan, keterangkuman, pengiktirafan dan legitimasi. Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa pengetahuan agama hanya mempengaruhi sedikit sahaja terhadap interaksi dan hubungan baik masyarakat Muslim-Kristian. Hubungan baik yang berlaku dalam kalangan masyarakat Muslim-Kristian di Sabah disebabkan interaksi seharian dan keinginan hidup aman dan damai bersama.

This article examines Muslim-Christian relations in Sandakan and Ranau, Sabah, focusing on religious understanding, social interaction, and social cohesion. The study employs a questionnaire as its primary instrument, involving 500 respondents from Muslim and Christian communities in Sandakan and Ranau, Sabah. The data were analyzed using SPSS software through descriptive and Spearman Who Correlation approaches. The social interaction themes explored include food practices, community activities, celebration of festivities, mutual visits, and interfaith marriages. Meanwhile, social cohesion is analyzed based on five main elements: a sense of belonging, participation, inclusivity, recognition, and legitimacy. The study aims to provide an overview of Muslim-Christian relations in both urban (Sandakan) and rural (Ranau) settings. The findings reveal that religious knowledge has minimal influence on the interaction and positive relations between Muslim and Christian communities. Instead, social cohesion among individuals of different faiths in Sabah is driven by daily interactions and the shared desire to live peacefully and harmoniously.

Pendedahan Fahaman Millah Abraham dalam Buku Suhuf Abraham [Exposing the Doctrine of Millah Abraham in the Book Suhuf Abraham]

2025-09-04T10:38:14+00:00

Artikel ini menganalisis kandungan buku bertajuk Suhuf Abraham yang disebarkan secara terbuka di surau atau masjid dalam Malaysia. Buku Suhuf Abraham merupakan sebuah naskhah tanpa nama penulis dan penerbit. Kandungannya menyatakan matlamat sebagai panduan hidup adalah berdasarkan agama Allah SWT dan prinsip akidah tauhid. Meskipun kandungannya kelihatan menyentuh aspek asas seperti akidah, ibadah dan akhlak namun wujud elemen-elemen ideologi asing yang selari dengan gagasan Abrahamic Faith atau Millah Abraham. Kajian ini menilai isi kandungan buku tersebut melalui pendekatan kualitatif analisis teks dengan merujuk kepada fatwa dan pandangan ulama Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa buku ini menyeleweng konsep ‘Millah Ibrahim’ daripada perspektif tauhid yang sebenar dan menyebarkan fahaman ‘penyatuan agama-agama’ (wah?dat al-ady?n) yang berteraskan pluralisme agama sekaligus bercanggah dengan akidah Islam dan merosakkan prinsip tauhid dalam pegangan Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Artikel ini mengesyorkan agar Buku Suhuf Abraham disekat penyebarannya dan diberi peringatan sewajarnya agar masyarakat sedar akan kedudukan sebenar kandungannya yang membahayakan umat Islam.

This article analyzes the content of a book titled Suhuf Abraham, which has been openly distributed in ‘surau’ and mosque across Malaysia. The book is an anonymous publication, with no identified author or publisher. It claims to offer a life guide based on the religion of Allah Sub??nah wa Ta??l? and the principles of tawhidic belief. Although it appears to cover fundamental aspects such as creed (?aq?dah), worship (?ib?dah), and ethics (akhl?q), the text contains foreign ideological elements aligned with the ideas of the Abrahamic Faith or Millah Abraham. This study evaluates the book’s content using a qualitative textual analysis method, referencing fatwas and scholarly views from the Sunni orthodoxy (Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jam??ah). The findings reveal that the book distorts the true concept of Millah Ibr?h?m from the perspective of tawhid, and promotes the doctrine of religious unity (wah?dat al-ady?n) rooted in religious pluralism, a stance clearly opposed to Islamic creed and damaging to the core principles of Sunni theology. The article recommends that the distribution of Suhuf Abraham be banned and that appropriate public warnings be issued to raise awareness about its dangerous content and potential threat to Muslim faith.

Pendekatan Nilai Akhlak Islam dalam Tarekat: Suatu Pendekatan Spiritualiti [The Approach of Islamic Moral Values in The Sufis Order: An Approach of Spirituality]

2025-09-04T11:10:52+00:00

Situasi kini menyaksikan kebanyakan umat Islam di seluruh dunia sedang menghadapi pelbagai masalah dan krisis akhlak yang sangat membimbangkan. Antara masalah akhlak tersebut ialah kecurian, rasuah, penagihan dadah, seks bebas, sumbang mahram, gangsterisme, pembuangan bayi dan lain-lain lagi. Dalam Islam, terdapat pelbagai pendekatan dan penyelesaian yang ditawarkan kepada umat Islam secara khususnya dalam pembinaan dan pembentukan akhlak mereka. Antara pendekatan tersebut ialah melalui tarekat. Tarekat yang diisi dengan ilmu dan amalan tasawuf dapat memperbaiki dan mempertinggikan akhlak setiap Muslim. Justeru itu, artikel ini meneroka peranan tarekat dalam pembentukan akhlak setiap Muslim. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam artikel ini berbentuk kajian kepustakaan dengan merujuk kepada buku-buku dan artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan tajuk. Secara mudahnya dapat dinyatakan bahawa tarekat yang berpandukan kepada ajaran al-Quran dan Sunnah mampu membentuk, memperelok, meninggi dan melahirkan akhlak yang unggul pada setiap Muslim. Dengan kata lain, ia secara jelasnya menunjukkan bahawa tarekat mampu mencegah masyarakat Muslim pada zaman kini daripada segala perbuatan tercela, malah ia dapat membentuk keperibadian dan akhlak yang mulia pada diri seseorang Muslim.

The current global situation shows that many Muslims are facing various serious moral and social crises. Among these issues are theft, corruption, drug addiction, promiscuity, incest, gangsterism, baby dumping and others. Islam offers a range of approaches and solutions to address these problems, particularly in the development and cultivation of moral character. One such approach is through the Sufis Order. Rooted in the teachings and practices of Sufism, the Sufis Orders have the potential to enhance and elevate the moral values of individual Muslims. This article explores the role of Sufis Order in shaping the moral character of Muslims. The methodology employed is a literature review based on relevant books and scholarly articles. It can be concluded that the Sufis Order, when guided by the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunnah, are capable of nurturing, improving, and producing exemplary moral conduct among Muslims. In other words, Sufis Order play a significant role in protecting Muslim societies today from immoral behavior and in cultivating noble character and personal integrity among believers.

The Impact of Zakat Funds on Sekolah Agama Rakyat (SARS) in Kedah: Examining Infrastructure Development and Teacher Retention

2025-07-12T13:26:23+00:00

This study explores the role of zakat funding in enhancing the educational landscape of Sekolah Agama Rakyat (SARs) in Kedah, Malaysia. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including school administrators, teachers, officials from Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK) and students/parents from asnaf backgrounds. The study examines how zakat contributions are allocated to improve school infrastructure and support teacher retention, ultimately assessing their impact on student outcomes. Findings indicate that zakat funding significantly contributes to upgrading physical school facilities, fostering a more conducive learning environment and enhancing teacher satisfaction and retention. This research provides valuable insights into how zakat can be a strategic tool for long-term educational development and offers recommendations for more effective management and allocation of zakat resources. By bridging the gap between Islamic finance and education, the study highlights the transformative potential of zakat in supporting the sustainability and growth of SARs.

Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Muamalat dan Implikasinya dalam Kalangan Pelajar IPT [Teaching and Learning Arabic for Muamalat and Its Implications among Students in HEI’s]

2025-08-02T12:50:55+00:00

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tahap kefahaman pelajar terhadap istilah dan konsep muamalat dalam bahasa Arab dan melihat impak pembelajaran terhadap pelajar dalam menggunakan bahasa Arab dalam konteks kewangan Islam di IPT Malaysia. Pendekatan kuantitatif telah digunakan melalui soal selidik dalam talian menerusi Google Form yang diedarkan kepada pelajar yang mengikuti kursus bahasa Arab muamalat. Seramai 75 orang responden telah dipilih menggunakan kaedah pensampelan bertujuan ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa majoriti pelajar mempunyai latar belakang dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab dan memberikan persepsi positif terhadap pendekatan pengajaran yang digunakan khususnya dari segi kepelbagaian kaedah dan penyesuaian mengikut tahap penguasaan pelajar. Dari aspek pedagogi pula, tahap persetujuan yang tinggi dicatatkan terhadap kejelasan penyampaian konsep oleh pensyarah (97.3%) dan suasana pembelajaran yang interaktif (92%). Dari sudut impak pembelajaran, majoriti pelajar melaporkan kursus bahasa Arab meningkatkan kefahaman istilah muamalat (81.4%) serta keupayaan membezakan istilah yang berkaitan (78.6%). Kajian ini mencadangkan agar tenaga pengajar terus mempertingkatkan kepelbagaian kaedah pengajaran serta menghubungkan kandungan dengan realiti sebenar dalam kewangan Islam.

This study aims to assess students’ understanding of Arabic terms and concepts related to muamalat and to examine the impact of learning on their ability to use Arabic within the context of Islamic finance at higher education institutions in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was employed through the distribution of an online questionnaire via Google Forms, targeting students enrolled in Arabic muamalat courses. A total of 75 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Findings indicate that the majority of students have a background in Arabic language learning and hold positive perceptions of the teaching approaches used, particularly in terms of methodological diversity and adaptation to students’ proficiency levels. From a pedagogical perspective, a high level of agreement was recorded regarding the clarity of concept explanation by lecturers (97.3%) and the creation of an interactive learning environment (92%). In terms of learning impact, most students reported that the course enhanced their understanding of muamalat terminology (81.4%) and improved their ability to distinguish between related terms (78.6%). This study recommends that instructors continue to enhance the diversity of teaching methods and link the content to real-world realities in Islamic finance.

Geneologi Wacana Negara Islam dalam Perspektif Pemikiran Islam Kontemporari [Genealogy of the Discourse on the Islamic State in the Perspective of Contemporary Islamic Thought]

2025-09-05T08:28:08+00:00

Konsep negara Islam telah menjadi perbahasan ilmuwan dan ulama Islam dalam pelbagai wacana sama ada dalam konteks falsafah, mahupun dari sudut fiqh dan perundangan Islam. Kepelbagaian pewacanaan ini mengambil kira kepelbagaian konteks, dan seringkali dihubungkan dengan negara Madinah yang diasaskan oleh Rasulullah SAW dari aspek pembentukan, kepimpinan, sistem pentadbiran dan perundangan dan sebagainya. Penulisan ini bertujuan membincangkan genealogi wacana negara Islam dalam konteks era klasik dan moden, serta menilainya dalam perspektif pemikiran Islam masa kini. Masukkan metodologi kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen terhadap pandangan karya tokoh-tokoh Islam tentang konsep negara Islam. Pemikiran tokoh Islam klasik dan moden yang dirujuk adalah mewakili konteks yang dibahaskan serta membuka jalan tengah di antara kepelbagaian tersebut. Ia dibahagikan mengikut tema-tema yang dikenal pasti signifikan dan kemudiannya dibandingkan untuk menilai persamaan dan perbezaannya. Diskusi ini diharap dapat mengemukakan perspektif alternatif dalam wacana negara Islam di era kontemporari.

The concept of the Islamic state has long been the subject of debate among scholars and Muslim jurists across various discourses, whether within the framework of philosophy, jurisprudence, or Islamic legal thought. These discourses take into account diverse contexts and are often linked to the historical model of the Madinah polity established by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), particularly in relation to its formation, leadership, administrative system, and legal structure. This study aims to examine the genealogy of the discourse on the Islamic state in both classical and modern eras, while evaluating it through the lens of contemporary Islamic thought. Methodologically, this study employs document analysis of classical and modern Islamic scholars’ works on the concept of the Islamic state. The selected scholars’ ideas are thematically categorized and subsequently compared to identify key commonalities and distinctions. The discussion ultimately seeks to offer an alternative perspective on the discourse of the Islamic state in the contemporary era.

Talab al-Nusrah and Non-Violent Political Change: A Case Study of Hizbut Tahrir Malaysia

2025-07-03T23:43:22+00:00

This paper examines the non-violent political strategy employed by Hizbut Tahrir Malaysia (HTM), with a focus on its interpretation and application of the concept of Talab al-Nusrah within Malaysia’s secular-democratic political environment. Rooted in the Prophetic methodology (Tariqah Nabawiyyah) articulated by the movement's founder, Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani, Talab al-Nusrah is a strategic appeal to those in positions of power (ahl al-quwwah), seeking their support for the establishment of an Islamic Caliphate (Khilafah). Through a qualitative analysis, drawing on semi-structured interviews with HTM leaders, this paper investigates how HTM adheres to this methodology and its implications for the organization’s political behavior, strategic planning, and organizational positioning. The paper explores HTM’s three-phase strategy for political change, inspired by the Prophet Muhammad's model of state-building in Madinah: intellectual cultivation (tathqif), public interaction (tafa‘ul), and political power transfer (istilam al-hukm) via elite endorsement. Despite the secular nature of the Malaysian political system, HTM maintains a strict non-violent stance, rejecting both democratic participation and militant resistance. The strategic application of Talab al-Nusrah is examined as a critical, non-confrontational means of securing elite support for Islamic governance, drawing on historical precedents from the Prophet's era. This study contributes to the broader discourse on non-violent Islamist movements by highlighting HTM's ideological and strategic framework, offering insights into the practical application of religiously framed political transformation. It addresses the challenges faced by HTM in Malaysia, such as legal exclusion, public suspicion, and societal perceptions of its goals. The paper concludes by reflecting on the resilience and ideological coherence of HTM’s strategy, asserting that the pursuit of Talab al-Nusrah offers a distinctive model for political Islam that remains relevant in the contemporary global landscape, particularly in secular, pluralistic contexts.

Faktor Penentu Kecenderungan Muzakki Membayar Zakat melalui Institusi Zakat: Suatu Kajian Konseptual [Determinants of Muzakki’s Inclination to Pay Zakat Through Official Institutions: A Conceptual Study]

2025-09-05T09:14:02+00:00

Artikel ini bertujuan membina satu kerangka konseptual yang komprehensif berkaitan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecenderungan muzakki (pembayar zakat) membayar zakat melalui institusi rasmi. Walaupun kewujudan institusi zakat yang diiktiraf secara perundangan telah diperkuatkan dengan dasar pentadbiran dan fatwa-fatwa semasa, realitinya masih ramai muzakki memilih untuk menunaikan zakat secara terus kepada asnaf tanpa melalui saluran institusi. Fenomena ini menimbulkan persoalan penting berkenaan tahap kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap institusi zakat serta keberkesanan sistem pengurusan zakat yang sedia ada. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif konseptual melalui sorotan literatur terdahulu yang merangkumi artikel jurnal akademik, laporan institusi dan prosiding berkaitan isu pengurusan zakat dan tingkah laku muzakki. Hasil sintesis tematik mengenal pasti sebelas faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keputusan muzakki, antaranya kepercayaan dan kredibiliti institusi, keagamaan dan keimanan, pengetahuan zakat, kualiti perkhidmatan, pendapatan, kesedaran jenama, pengaruh sosial, sikap membantu, tadbir urus, kemajuan teknologi, dan pendidikan. Kajian ini mencadangkan satu kerangka konseptual yang menggabungkan faktor psikososial, institusional dan teknologi dalam menganalisis kecenderungan muzakki. Dapatan ini memberi implikasi penting kepada institusi zakat, khususnya dalam merangka strategi komunikasi, pendekatan digital dan reformasi tadbir urus yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan tahap kepatuhan zakat melalui saluran rasmi. Kerangka ini juga membuka ruang untuk kajian empirikal lanjut bagi mengesahkan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah yang dikenal pasti.

This article aims to construct a comprehensive conceptual framework concerning the determinants that influence muzakki’s (zakat payers') inclination to pay zakat through formal institutions. Despite the existence of legally recognized zakat institutions that are reinforced by administrative policies and contemporary fatwas, many muzakki still prefer to distribute zakat directly to recipients (asnaf) without engaging official channels. This phenomenon raises critical questions regarding public trust in zakat institutions and the effectiveness of current zakat management systems. This study adopts a qualitative conceptual approach through an extensive review of previous literature, including academic journal articles, institutional reports, and conference proceedings related to zakat administration and muzakki behavior. Thematic synthesis reveals eleven key determinants that influence zakat payment decisions: institutional trust and credibility, religiosity and faith, zakat literacy, service quality, income level, brand awareness, social influence, altruistic behavior, governance framework, technological advancement, and education. The study proposes a conceptual model that integrates psychosocial, institutional, and technological factors in analyzing muzakki’s behavioral tendencies. These findings carry important implications for zakat institutions, especially in designing communication strategies, digital engagement, and governance reforms aimed at enhancing zakat compliance through official channels. This framework also provides a foundational basis for future empirical studies to validate the identified variables and their interrelationships.

Kebolehan Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Merumuskan Hukum Syarak bagi Isu Kontemporari yang Tidak Mempunyai Dalil Nas Khusus dan Keterbatasan

2025-07-08T08:53:42+00:00

Artikel ini meneliti potensi peranan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam menyokong proses penentuan hukum syarak, khususnya bagi menangani isu-isu semasa yang tidak mempunyai dalil nas yang jelas daripada al-Qur’an atau al-Sunnah. Melalui sorotan kualitatif terhadap literatur akademik terkini, kajian ini mengupas keupayaan dan juga batasan AI dalam konteks perundangan dan kewangan Islam. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa AI mampu memberi manfaat besar dalam meningkatkan kecekapan dan ketepatan bagi proses-proses yang bersifat berstruktur, seperti pengiraan faraid, analisis kontrak, dan penyelesaian pertikaian dalam kewangan Islam. Di samping itu, penggunaan teknologi pematuhan (regulatory technology) juga telah membantu memperkukuh pemantauan pematuhan serta ketelusan operasi institusi kewangan. Namun begitu, terdapat beberapa kekangan yang dikenal pasti, termasuk kebimbangan etika berkaitan penggunaan AI dalam pengeluaran fatwa, risiko berat sebelah algoritma, ketiadaan rangka kawal selia yang menyeluruh, serta keperluan berterusan terhadap pengawasan manusia. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa AI berpotensi untuk berperanan sebagai alat sokongan dalam tadbir urus Syariah, namun pelaksanaannya mesti berada dalam kerangka yang menjamin integriti etika dan epistemologi hukum Islam. Akhir sekali, artikel ini mencadangkan agar wujud kerjasama yang lebih erat antara para ilmuwan Syariah, pakar teknologi, dan penggubal dasar bagi membangunkan piawaian yang memastikan penggunaan AI dalam proses perundangan Islam dilakukan secara bertanggungjawab serta mematuhi prinsip Syariah.

This article examines the potential role of artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting the process of Shariah legal determination, particularly in addressing contemporary issues that lack clear textual evidence from the Qur’an or Sunnah. Through a qualitative review of recent academic literature, this study explores both the capabilities and limitations of AI in the context of Islamic law and finance. The findings indicate that AI can offer significant benefits in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of structured processes, such as the calculation of inheritance (faraid), contract analysis, and dispute resolution in Islamic finance. Additionally, the use of regulatory technology has also helped strengthen compliance monitoring and operational transparency within financial institutions. However, several limitations were identified, including ethical concerns regarding the use of AI in fatwa issuance, the risk of algorithmic bias, the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework, and the continued need for human oversight. The study concludes that AI has the potential to serve as a supportive tool in Shariah governance, but its implementation must be within a framework that ensures the ethical and epistemological integrity of Islamic law. Finally, this article suggests closer collaboration between Shariah scholars, technology experts, and policymakers to develop standards that ensure the responsible and Shariah-compliant use of AI in Islamic legal processes.

Muslim Higher Education System and Institutions in Uganda

2025-09-05T11:44:09+00:00

Since the inaugural World Conference on Muslim Education in Makkah (1977), significant recommendations have been made to reform Muslim education systems, particularly through the Islamization of knowledge. As a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Uganda was expected to adopt these reforms within its Islamic institutions of higher learning. This study evaluates the extent to which such institutions in Uganda have implemented the Islamization of knowledge and integrated it into their academic curricula. Employing a systematic seven-step review methodology, the research analyzed publicly available curricular data submitted to the Uganda National Council for Higher Education (UNCHE) and compared program offerings from recognized Islamic institutions in Uganda. Findings reveal that only three institutions—Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), Islamic Call University College (ICUC), and Al-Mustafa Islamic College (AIC)—are formally recognized. IUIU is fully registered, while ICUC and AIC hold provisional status. Of the 104 programs offered by IUIU and 25 by AIC, none demonstrate substantial incorporation of Naql (revealed knowledge) alongside Aql (acquired knowledge). The curricula predominantly reflect secular frameworks, with limited visibility of Islamic epistemological integration as envisioned by the 1977 Makkah Conference. This study concludes that the Islamization of knowledge in Uganda’s Islamic higher education institutions remains underdeveloped. The current curriculum reform trajectory falls short of achieving the comprehensive objectives of Islamic education, underscoring the need for a more balanced integration of Qur’anic principles, rational inquiry, and empirical sciences to meet the holistic educational needs of Muslim learners.

Teodisi Islam dan Masalah Kejahatan: Suatu Analisis Konseptual [Islamic Theodicy and The Problem of Evil: A Conceptual Analysis]

2025-07-22T06:16:24+00:00

Persoalan mengenai kejahatan dan penderitaan telah menjadi antara isu falsafah dan teologi paling mencabar sepanjang sejarah pemikiran manusia. Dalam konteks teologi Islam, teodisi merujuk kepada usaha menjelaskan bagaimana kewujudan kejahatan dan penderitaan di dunia dapat diselaraskan dengan kewujudan Tuhan yang Maha Berkuasa dan Maha Penyayang. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana Islam memberikan justifikasi rasional dan spiritual terhadap fenomena kejahatan tanpa menjejaskan sifat kesempurnaan Tuhan dalam menjawab masalah kejahatan yang dibawa oleh pemikir ateis Barat. Artikel ini mengemukakan satu analisis konseptual terhadap pendekatan teodisi dalam Islam dengan meneliti elemen utama keadilan Tuhan, ujian, penderitaan dan kejahatan menurut al-Quran dan sunnah serta pandangan pemikir Islam. Setiap kejahatan dan penderitaan yang berlaku ke atas manusia tidak bercanggah dengan sifat keadilan Tuhan kerana neraca keadilan bagi Allah adalah berbeza daripada manusia. Allah adalah pemilik segala sesuatu dan Dia berhak untuk melakukan apa sahaja yang dikehendakiNya. Adapun bagi manusia ia adalah ujian yang akan diberikan balasan baik bagi mereka yang bersabar. Dapatan analisis ini diharap dapat menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan lestari terhadap isu kejahatan dalam kerangka akidah Islam.

The problem of evil and suffering has long been one of the most challenging philosophical and theological issues throughout the history of human thought. In the context of Islamic theology, theodicy refers to the effort to explain how the existence of evil and suffering in the world can be reconciled with the existence of an All-Powerful and All-Merciful God. This article aims to explain how Islam provides both rational and spiritual justifications for the phenomenon of evil without compromising the perfection of God, particularly in addressing the problem of evil posed by Western atheist thinkers. The article presents a conceptual analysis of the Islamic approach to theodicy by examining key elements such as divine justice, trials, suffering, and evil as outlined in the Qur’an, Sunnah, and the views of classical and contemporary Muslim scholars. Every instance of evil and suffering that befalls humanity does not contradict God’s justice, as the divine standard of justice differs from that of humans. God is the absolute owner of all things and has the right to do as He wills. For humans, however, suffering is a test for which great reward awaits those who are patient. This analysis hopes to contribute to a deeper and more enduring understanding of the problem of evil within the framework of Islamic creed (?aq?dah).

Transendensi dalam Novel Advencer Si Peniup Ney Karya Faisal Tehrani [Transcendence in the Novel Advencer Si Peniup Ney by Faisal Tehrani]

2025-06-27T15:25:31+00:00

Makalah ini membincangkan sebuah novel berjudul Advencer Si Peniup Ney karya Faisal Tehrani yang mengungguli tempat pertama Kategori Novel Remaja dalam Hadiah Sastera Kumpulan Utusan 2004. Kisah pengembaraan dakwah seorang remaja lelaki bersama-sama sekumpulan 40 jin ke negeri Fantasia yang sedang menuju kehancuran lantaran dilanda budaya hedonisme menjadi persoalan yang diangkat dalam karya ini. Bagi meneliti sebuah novel remaja yang dihasilkan oleh seorang pengarang mapan yang prolifik menghasilkan karya-karya sastera berunsur Islam, sebuah gagasan “sastera Islam” yang diutarakan oleh Kuntowijoyo dari Indonesia dijadikan sebagai kerangka analisis. Gagasan tersebut iaitu Gagasan Sastera Profetik yang bertitik tolak dari ayat 110 surah Ali Imran menggariskan tiga etika, iaitu humanisasi (amar makruf), liberasi (nahi mungkar) dan transendensi (keimanan kepada Allah) sebagai tunjangnya. Gagasan Sastera Profetik memilih pendekatan strukturalisme bagi membolehkan penerapan ajaran sosial yang terkandung dalam al-Quran dan al-Sunnah dimanfaatkan untuk konteks sosial zaman kini. Menurut Kuntowijoyo lagi, sekiranya ketiga-tiga etika Profetik ditemui terkandung dalam sesebuah karya, maka karya tersebut dianggap mencapai kaffah yang membawa maksud menyeluruh atau memiliki keutuhan. Namun makalah ini hanya akan memfokuskan kepada etika transendensi sahaja. Dapatan analisis kajian memperlihatkan novel ini sebagai sebuah karya sastera moden yang memiliki etika transendensi yang menjadi tuntutan dalam sebuah karya sastera Profetik.

This paper discusses a novel titled Advencer Si Peniup Ney by Faisal Tehrani, which won first place in the Youth Novel Category of the 2004 Utusan Literary Award. The story presents a young man's da‘wah journey alongside a group of 40 jinn to the land of Fantasia, a nation on the brink of destruction due to the influence of hedonistic culture. To examine this youth novel by an established and prolific author known for Islamic-themed literature, the framework of "Islamic literature" proposed by Kuntowijoyo from Indonesia is employed. This concept, known as the Gagasan Sastera Profetik, is based on verse 110 of Surah Ali Imran and outlines three core ethics: humanisation (amr ma'ruf), liberation (nahi munkar), and transcendence (faith in Allah) as its foundation. The Prophetic Literature framework utilises a structuralist approach to allow the social teachings found in the Qur’an and Sunnah to be applied to contemporary social contexts. According to Kuntowijoyo, if all three prophetic ethics are present in a literary work, the work may be considered to have achieved kaffah, meaning holistic or possessing integrity. However, this paper focuses solely on the ethic of transcendence. The findings of the analysis reveal that the novel represents a modern literary work that upholds the ethic of transcendence, which is essential in prophetic literature.

Pandangan Fuqaha terhadap Ketidakmakluman Komisen dalam Kontrak Wakalah oleh Organisasi Bukan Berorientasikan Keuntungan (OBBK) Islam [The Views of Fuqaha on The Non-Disclosure of Commission in Wakalah Contracts by Islamic Non-Profit Organisations (NPOS)]

2025-09-11T01:43:11+00:00

Pengurusan dana awam oleh Organisasi Bukan Berorientasikan Keuntungan (OBBK) berteraskan Islam memainkan peranan penting dalam pembangunan sosioekonomi umat. Namun, timbul persoalan hukum berhubung keharusan pengambilan komisen oleh OBBK tanpa pemakluman kadar secara jelas kepada penderma di peringkat awal kontrak wakalah. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti pandangan fuqaha berkaitan isu ini serta menganalisis amalan semasa dalam kalangan OBBK Islam di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif berbentuk analisis dokumen terhadap karya-karya fiqh klasik dan kontemporari, fatwa serta piawaian syariah antarabangsa seperti AAOIFI. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan wujud dua aliran utama pandangan fuqaha. Pandangan pertama (jumhur) mensyaratkan kejelasan kadar komisen sejak awal sebagai elemen sah kontrak ij?rah atau wak?lah bi al-ujrah bagi mengelakkan unsur gharar. Pandangan ini disokong oleh para fuqaha seperti al-Rafi‘i, al-Imrani, al-Barnahaburi dan AAOIFI. Manakala pandangan kedua pula lebih fleksibel yang membenarkan pengambilan komisen tanpa penetapan kadar secara jelas dan terbuka, asalkan berdasarkan ‘uruf, persetujuan umum dan tidak berlaku penganiayaan. Pandangan ini disokong oleh fuqaha seperti al-Zuhayli dan al-Kuthairi berdasarkan pendekatan ujrah al-mithl. Kajian juga mendapati wujud variasi dalam amalan pemakluman komisen dalam kalangan OBBK Islam di Malaysia. Sebahagian organisasi seperti Islamic Relief Malaysia dan MyCARE memaklumkan kadar komisen secara terbuka, manakala yang lain seperti Aman Palestin dan Cinta Syria Malaysia hanya mendedahkannya apabila diminta.

The management of public funds by Islamic-based Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs) plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of the Muslim community. However, a legal issue arises regarding the permissibility of such organisations receiving commissions without disclosing the rate clearly to donors at the outset of the wakalah contract. This study aims to examine the views of Muslim jurists on this issue and to analyse current practices among Islamic NPOs in Malaysia. This research employs a qualitative method through document analysis of classical and contemporary fiqh literature, fatwas, and international Shariah standards such as those issued by AAOIFI. The findings indicate two major schools of thought among jurists. The first view (jumhur) stipulates that the commission rate must be clearly defined from the beginning, as a valid element in contracts of ijarah or wakalah bi al-ujrah, in order to avoid gharar (uncertainty). This view is supported by jurists such as al-Rafi‘i, al-Imrani, al-Barnahaburi, and the AAOIFI standards. The second view is more flexible, permitting commissions without clearly and openly specifying the rate, provided that it is based on prevailing custom (‘urf), general consent, and there is no element of exploitation. This view is supported by scholars such as al-Zuhayli and al-Kuthayri through the concept of ujrah al-mithl. The study also finds variations in the practice of commission disclosure among Islamic NPOs in Malaysia. Some organisations such as Islamic Relief Malaysia and MyCARE openly disclose their commission rates, while others like Aman Palestin and Cinta Syria Malaysia only reveal them upon request.

Penerapan Nilai Murni dalam Mata Pelajaran Usul al-Din: Tinjauan Isu dan Cabaran Pelaksanaannya di Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan

2025-09-11T04:55:48+00:00

Penerapan nilai murni (NM) secara merentas kurikulum merupakan prinsip penting dalam semua mata pelajaran, termasuk Usul al-Din. Namun, kebejatan nilai dalam kalangan pelajar masa kini agak membimbangkan, terutama yang melibatkan pelajar sekolah agama. Bagi meneliti hal tersebut, satu kajian awal telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui isu yang timbul sama ada berpunca dari konteks kompetensi guru, kemudahan infrastruktur, penggunaan Bahasa Arab, atau penghayatan pelajar itu sendiri. Kajian ini juga bertujuan mengenal pasti pengaruh utama penghayatan NM pelajar yang perlu diberikan perhatian. Reka bentuk kajian ini bersifat kuantitatif yang menggunakan instrumen soal selidik. Sampel kajian melibatkan 34 orang guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran Usul al-Din, Kurikulum Bersepadu Dini (KBD) di beberapa buah Sekolah Menengah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan (SABK). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menumpukan kepada nilai kekerapan dan peratusan. Hasil tinjauan guru menunjukkan semua guru kurang diberikan pendedahan secara komprehensif mengenai pendidikan NM (100%), NM dalam buku teks Usul al-Din perlu diklasifikasikan secara eksplisit (97%), infrastruktur perlu ditambahbaik (90.9%), penggunaan Bahasa Arab berkaitan NM dalam buku teks kurang sesuai (84.8%) dan kelemahan NM pelajar dalam amalan seharian (84.4%). Kesimpulannya, isu dan cabaran yang timbul dari pelbagai faktor ini boleh menjejaskan usaha kerajaan dalam menghasilkan pelajar yang seimbang. Implikasi dari dapatan ini sangat penting kepada pemegang taruh bagi menjalankan kajian lanjutan dan merangka perancangan yang lebih sistematik.

The inculcation of moral values (MV) across the curriculum is a fundamental principle in all subjects, including Usul al-Din. However, the decline of moral values among students today is a growing concern, particularly among students in religious schools. To explore this issue, a preliminary study was conducted to examine the underlying problems, whether they stem from teacher competency, infrastructure limitations, the use of Arabic language, or the students' own level of value internalisation. This study also aimed to identify the key factors influencing students’ appreciation of MV that warrant focused attention.This research employed a quantitative design using a questionnaire as its primary instrument. The sample comprised of 34 teachers who taught Usul al-Din under the Integrated Dini Curriculum (IDC) in several Government-Aided Religious Secondary Schools (GARS). The data were analysed descriptively, focusing on frequency and percentage distributions. Findings from the teacher survey indicated that all teachers (100%) lacked comprehensive exposure to NM education. Furthermore, 97% agreed that moral values in the Usul al-Din textbooks need to be more explicitly classified. In addition, 90.9% perceived the existing infrastructure as inadequate, 84.8% found the Arabic language used for moral values in the textbooks to be less appropriate, and 84.4% identified students’ deficiency in appreciating and practicing moral values in their daily life. In conclusion, the issues and challenges arising from these various factors may hinder government efforts to produce well-rounded students. The implications of these findings are critical for stakeholders to conduct further investigation and develop more systematic and strategic interventions.

Intercultural Da’wah Approach: The Role of The Special Da’wah Unit, The Islamic Da’wah Centre in Reaching Non-Muslim Indigenous Groups in Brunei Darussalam

2025-07-24T05:38:01+00:00

Islamic da’wah in multicultural societies such as Brunei Darussalam demands a culturally sensitive and inclusive approach to effectively engage non-Muslim indigenous groups. The Special Da‘wah Unit under the Islamic Da‘wah Centre plays a pivotal role in delivering intercultural da‘wah, especially to communities such as the Dusun, Murut, and Bisaya, who retain distinct ancestral beliefs and often associate Islam with Malay socio-political identity. This association contributes to hesitation toward da‘wah outreach. Despite the growing interest in intercultural da’wah, limited empirical research exists on how da‘wah approaches are contextualised in Brunei Darussalam. Therefore, this study addressed that gap by exploring the da‘wah approach opted by the Special Da’wah Unit through a phenomenological methodology. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews with experienced intercultural da'i from the unit, alongside document analysis and literature review. Findings revealed the implementation of da’wah bi al-hal rooted in the Qur’anic principles of al-ta’aruf (mutual acquaintance), al-tafahum (mutual understanding), and al-ta’awun (mutual assistance). Da‘wah approaches are delivered through trust-building, social service, and relational presence. This approach allows non-Muslims to encounter Islam organically within their social and cultural contexts.

Sorotan Literatur Pengurusan Wakaf di Arab Saudi [A Literature Review Waqf Management in Saudi Arabia]

2025-09-15T09:49:50+00:00

Wakaf dalam Islam telah menjadi salah satu sumber kewangan sosial yang utama di Arab Saudi sejak sekian lama. Wakaf dimanfaatkan dalam pelbagai objektif sosial berbentuk pembiayaan secara berterusan, institusi dan projek-projek yang menyokong pembasmian kemiskinan, pendidikan dan penjagaan kesihatan. Di kebanyakan negara, sektor wakaf sedang giat aktif digerakkan dalam menyumbang secara strategik kepada pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi. Kejayaan wakaf dalam sesebuah institusi memerlukan pengurusan yang adil dan bersistematik demi mencapai kelestarian wakaf. Justeru itu, matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keberkesanan pengurusan institusi wakaf di Arab Saudi dalam menyumbang kepada KDNK negara. Dengan pengurusan yang efisien, dana wakaf berhasil membantu mencapai ekonomi berpendapatan tinggi kerana aktiviti wakaf itu sendiri dapat merangsang pertumbuhan ekonomi di Arab Saudi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah analisis dokumen dan sorotan literatur sistematik. Data dikumpul melalui dokumen primer seperti laporan tahunan GAA dan dokumen rasmi kerajaan, serta dokumen sekunder termasuk artikel jurnal, tesis dan laporan penyelidikan dari tahun 2014-2024. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik dengan memfokuskan kepada aspek pengurusan wakaf di Arab Saudi. Hasil kajian mendapati wujud usaha dari pihak GAA melalui program latihan pengurusan kepada pegawai dan aktiviti hebahan wakaf secara aktif seterusnya memberikan manfaat yang berterusan kepada institusi dan masyarakat. General Authority of Awqaf (GAA) juga mewujudkan rangkaian hubungan yang harmoni dengan semua pihak yang terlibat dalam aktiviti wakaf sama ada di peringkat negeri, negara dan antarabangsa bagi memastikan matlamat tercapai berlandaskan hukum Syara’. Dengan kejayaan ini dapat menambah aset wakaf negara seterusnya dapat dimanfaatkan ke setiap lapisan masyarakat.

Waqf in Islam has been one of the main sources of social finance in Saudi Arabia for a long time. Waqf is utilized in various social objectives in the form of continuous financing, institutions and projects that support poverty eradication, education and healthcare. In most countries, the waqf sector is being actively mobilized in contributing strategically to social and economic development. The success of waqf in an institution requires fair and systematic management in order to achieve waqf sustainability. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of waqf institutional management in Saudi Arabia in relation to its contribution to the nation's GDP. With efficient management, waqf funds have succeeded in helping to achieve a high-income economy because waqf activities themselves can stimulate economic growth in Saudi Arabia. This study employs a qualitative approach, including document analysis and systematic literature review methods. Data collection involved primary documents like GAA annual reports and official government documents, alongside secondary sources such as journal articles, theses, and research reports spanning from 2014 to 2024. Thematic data analysis was performed, concentrating on various elements of waqf management within Saudi Arabia. The results of the study found that there are efforts from the GAA through management training programs for officers and active waqf promotion activities, which in turn provide continuous benefits to the institution and society. The General Authority of Awqaf (GAA) also creates a harmonious network of relationships with all parties involved in waqf activities, whether at the state, national and international levels, to ensure that goals are achieved in accordance with Sharia law. With this success, the country's waqf assets can be increased and then utilized by every level of society.