Epistemologi Fiqh al-Bi’ah Sebagai Komponen Fiqh al-Watan [Fiqh al-Bi’ah Epistemology as a Component of Fiqh al-Watan]

Abstract

Artikel ini membincangkan epistemologi Fiqh al-Bi’ah (fiqh alam sekitar) sebagai salah satu komponen utama dalam kerangka Fiqh al-Watan (fiqh kenegaraan dan kebangsaan). Pendekatan ini menelusuri asas ilmu (episteme) terhadap pembentukan hukum dan nilai Islam yang berteraskan keseimbangan (mizan), kemaslahatan umum (maslahah ‘ammah), dan tanggungjawab khilafah manusia terhadap bumi. Melalui analisis teks-teks klasik dan kontemporari, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Fiqh al-Bi’ah bukan sekadar cabang fiqh tematik, tetapi suatu disiplin yang memiliki akar epistemologi tersendiri dalam kerangka Fiqh al-Watan iaitu fiqh yang berperanan membumikan syariat Islam dalam konteks sosio-ekologi dan geo-politik sesebuah watan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pemahaman epistemologi Fiqh al-Bi’ah dapat memperkukuh dasar pembangunan mampan berteraskan nilai tauhid, akhlak, dan amanah terhadap alam.

This article discusses the epistemology of Fiqh al-Bi’ah (environmental jurisprudence) as a key component within the framework of Fiqh al-Watan (state and national jurisprudence). This approach traces the epistemological foundations underlying the formation of Islamic laws and values grounded in balance (mizan), public welfare (maslahah ‘ammah), and humanity's custodial responsibility (khilafah) towards the earth. Through an analysis of classical and contemporary texts, this study demonstrates that Fiqh al-Bi’ah is not merely a thematic branch of jurisprudence but a discipline with its own epistemological roots within the framework of Fiqh al-Watan—a jurisprudence that functions to contextualize Islamic law within the socio-ecological and geopolitical context of a nation. The findings reveal that understanding the epistemology of Fiqh al-Bi’ah can strengthen sustainable development policies based on tawhidic values, ethics, and trusteeship towards the environment.